Systems of government

In one region of my setting there's an effectively elf ruled absolute theocratic magocracy ruled by a council of 13 sorcerers/warlocks/witches. The society is extremely caste based with the highest caste (the "head") being legal magic users, beneath them are the military (the "arms") followed by farmers/agriculture/resource gatherers (the "guts") and at the lowest are the crafters (the "feet").

In the lower 3 castes there's slavery, but a slave in the military caste outranks a freeman in the lower castes, and in most cases slavery is for a few years to pay off a debt/crime and they aren't deemed a flight risk.

Wizards and any non-druid divine casters are outlawed and druids are still frowned upon. Haven't figured out how bards and other arcane classes fit in yet.

Here's a few governmental systems I've kicked around--

Purely militaristic hierarchy
Government decisions at all civic levels are made by commissioned officers of the military structure.
All other portions of society may develop and operate on their own, but mobilization of the entire society is at the command of the military.
All youths at or around late adolescence must work 2 years service at the lowest level of military/civil organization.
Those with aptitude are promoted into government work & military service.
This government is created out of necessity by mobilizing a nomadic society. Tradition and culture cannot be based around stationery villages or landmarks. In the absence of stationery centers of culture and heritage, teachings become the means by which the culture maintains itself. A military tradition isn't the only tradition that can be maintained in this system, but its rigid hierarchy and resistance to change makes it best suited to survive long when un-moored from the land. Liberal nomadic societies tend to spread to diaspora quickly, so this central organizing principle maintains the culture. This is in no small part to the military/government promoting a percentage of all families into itself, tying the peoples of the nation to their family members doing service. Many and diverse races are a part of this culture.

Monstrous Counsel
Government is a council of learned elder, alderpersons or representatives of the community. They confer and make decisions whenever there are multiple interested parties.
This causes them to influence, in small numerous ways, all aspects of the community. This government is primarily for large city-states with population centrally concentrated. It would normally be impossible to record all of the connections on which the council decrees, but there is an unseen benefactor who sits the prime chair at the table. The benefactor is monstrous- a beholder, an illithid, a dragon, a kraken, some long-lived race with an interest in creating a protective civic shell around its lair or operations. The superhuman intellect of the benefactor has been planning and growing and expanding its sphere of civic influence in small ways for many years now, creating a prosperous society that it draws some resource off of-- trade, coin, rare magical items, intelligent consumable humanoids, etc.
The council itself does actually make all decisions, the benefactor serves only to break ties. The council is democratic and all votes are ironclad, as any dissenters would be quickly replaced. Many in the city-state reach arrangements quickly and quietly amongst themselves instead of involving the council- any risk of a tied vote between their interests would draw an extra, monstrous scrutiny on both their business. This society has always been extremely paranoid, and something unsavory lies in shadowy alleys.

Maritime Court
This is an economic co-operative of port towns spanning a huge range of ocean or archipelago. The harbor master is the ultimate authority and center of decision making in each port. The true economic & government actors are truly the confederation of ship captains, the economic engine of the nation. All captains are elected from among the ship crew therefore any ship within the federation becomes a voting member, provided tax & duty to the parent union is in good standing. The government is a mix of a melange of shipping ventures: cargo carriers, human transport, privateers & adventurer charters can all maintain good standing so long as their ventures are profitable. The ship federation sees to the harbors protection and resourcing, freely moving federation resources to those strategic locations or way-points that best serve shipping interests.
The Maritime Court is a conclave of ships that occurs at some time and location discernible only to those with correct star charts and astronautical skills. They form a temporary fleet for the very formal proceeds of government aboard the national flagship. The scope of the Maritime Court is the seas & waterways of the nation, so rule of law of the sea in the national waters tends to be more rigorous than law on land; rest assured the privateers who rob your vessel are government supported. The harbors are governed by more general Directive, certain requirements determined by the Court as representative of a national port: Some number deep water berths, some number beds, some number cannon & munition, etc. It is up to the harbor master governors how to provide, but most turn a profit as bustling trade cities. Economic benefit figures chief in many aspects of the society.

Hope these help--